Fog of War
this was a term used by the military commanders of the Grand Army of the Republic to describe the basic fact that current information from the battlefield was a luxury that an army couldn’t afford to rely on. Once the first shot was fired in a battle, any well-planned mission immediately became invalid, as changing conditions on the battlefield rendered any plan obsolete. Thus, military commanders had to think and command at the spur of the moment, often without any real intelligence on the situation. This lack of curren tinformation was called the fog of war, since a good commander had to see through the fog in order to give the rights commands. It was said that the best commanders never experienced the fog of war, because they forced the enemy to surrender or retreat simply by show of initial force.